This report presented findings from a multi-sectoral needs assessment in Palorinya Refugee Settlement and host communities in Obongi District, Uganda, which currently hosts over 127,000 South Sudanese refugees. The assessment identified critical gaps in early childhood development (ECD) and livelihood services, including overcrowded schools, inadequate facilities, and low ECD access in host communities. Despite high numbers of working-age adults, 88% of refugee households lack sufficient income, relying mainly on casual labour and selling aid or natural resources. Key livelihood challenges include limited job opportunities, lack of capital, and insufficient skills.